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Slavery in Jamaica was abolished on 1 August 1838; from that time, freedmen were not allowed to own land and were prohibited from possessing firearms, although they were allowed to trade and continue working as slaves. They were forced to remain in certain towns, where they were to be supervised by some of the former slave owners. Poverty and scarce work opportunities led to open rebellion in the late 1840s and early 1850s. Realizing that abolition would be impractical, the British allowed freedmen to possess firearms and regulated the arming of slaves.[90] The results were highly mixed: while slaves and freedmen gained some personal freedom and the small middle classes benefited from plantation profits, the slave owners as a class gained an absolute control on peasants. When slavery was abolished many landowners and planters lost their slaves, they were politically marginalized, and the plantations took decades to recover. Slavery left 1.2 million people in Jamaica, or about half of Jamaica's total population at that time.[citation needed] Remaining slaves were among the most oppressed group of the population. They were often homeless at night because they could not be returned to their old owners. As a result, many were often forced to permanently settle in the forest, permanently absent from ancestral lands.[45]
Slavery in the West Indies affected the development of the new nation in different ways. The training and early experience of the freedmen and Maroons in arms, especially the role of the musket, proved more valuable than ever before for the new nation. Their experience as fighting men and their use of arms was a fundamental component of the revolution of Jamaica and other colonial groups that became known as the Maroons.[citation needed] The decades of cruelty and blatant discrimination inflicted by the plantation owners, whom the freedmen had defeated, also played a significant role in the evolution of the values and memories of the country. By the seventeenth century, the number of African slaves in the Caribbean rose to a level unparalleled anywhere else in the world; from 70,000 in 1625 to half a million in 1645, and from half a million to 3.3 million by 1750.[citation needed] The labor of the slaves was vital to the production of the great crop, sugar, which was transported to Europe and England in large quantities. d2c66b5586
